Too Big To Comprehend: The Largest Things On Earth
The average height of a human is five-foot-nine. Compared to other things in the world, like a 250-foot tall tree, or a cave that is 5.25 million cubic feet in volume, that is very, very small. When you learn about the largest things in the world--from buildings to animals to waterfalls--your perspective will change.
Sequoias Are The Tallest Trees Ever Known
Sequoias are the largest trees in the world, especially the ones that grow in the Sierra Nevada mountain range. On average, sequoias can grow up to 250 feet tall and 26 feet wide. However, some of these trees are even larger.
The General Sherman Tree, which is the largest tree in the world, stands at 275 feet tall and over 36 feet wide. The second tallest is the General Grant Tree at 267 feet tall and 29 feet wide. Even crazier--sequoias live up to 3,000 years old!
Jackfruit Can Weigh Up To 120 Pounds
Although certain fruits are purposefully grown to be massive, in nature, jackfruit is the biggest fruit. Each fruit can be around two feet long and weight up to 120 pounds. They also stem from the largest fruit trees in the world, which stretch between 30 and 50 feet high. Depending on the age of the tree, it can produce between 200 and 500 fruits every year.
Jackfruit is called "vegetable meat" because, when canned, it has the texture of meat. However, the fruit is sweet and has a musky smell. Even so, jackfruit is popularly used as a meat substitute, as it can be shredded like chicken or pork.
Any Other Cave Can Fit Inside This Cave
If you were to explore Vietnam's Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, you might happen across the world's largest natural cave. This is Hang Sơn Đoòng, which measures 1.35 billion cubic feet and an extra 5.25 million cubic feet in volume.
Hang Sơn Đoòng is twice as large as the world's second-biggest cave. Dating back between between two and five million years old, it formed from soluble limestone. Cave expert Howard Limbert told CNN Travel, "Any cave in the world will be able to fit comfortably inside Song Dong...it's just outrageous in size.
This Massive Bird No Longer Exists
Nowadays, the largest bird in the world is the ostrich. But the Argentavis, which lived in Argentina around six million years ago, put ostriches to shame. These now-extinct birds had a wingspan of up to 21 feet and a body length of 11 feet.
Argentavis, also called the Giant Teratorn, stood at five feet tall. They had eagle-like beaks and preyed on large rodents, armadillos, and giant sloths. They could kill and eat their prey without landing. Oddly enough, their eggs were smaller than the ostrich egg.
The Largest Desert In The World: Antarctica
Believe it or not, the world's largest desert is not the Sahara; it is the Antarctic desert. According to NASA, Antarctica is technically a desert because it rarely rains or snows there. When it snows, the ice hardens into sheets, forming a "polar desert."
The Antarctic desert covers 5.5 million square miles. Some people walk across Antarctica from the Ronnie Ice Shelf to the South Pole, a total of 651 miles. Even that takes around 65 days--only ten miles a day. You could not cross all of Antarctica in your lifetime.
The World's Biggest Flower Is A Parasite
The largest flower in the world is called the rafflesia arnoldii, which grows in the forests of Indonesia, specifically Sumatra and Borneo. Is can grow up to three feet long and weigh 15 pounds. The weirdest part? It is a parasitic plant.
The rafflesia arnoldii has no stem, leaves, or roots. It attaches itself to other flowers' stems and sucks away water and nutrients, like a vampire. These flowers do not smell pleasant, either. It smells like rotting meat, which attracts insects that help it pollinate.
The Highest Waterfall Is Underwater
Believe it or not, the world's highest waterfall is actually underwater. The Denmark Strait cataract, which is on the side of the Denmark Strait, falls 11,500 feet into the ocean. By contrast, the tallest above-water waterfall is 3,212 feet (Angel Falls in Venezuela).
Underwater waterfalls occur from different densities of water. In the Denmark Strait cataract, colder, denser water falls beneath the warmer, lighter water. The flow exceeds 175 million cubic feet, three times more voluminous than Victoria Falls. In Danish and Norwegian, the waterfall is called "the Greenland Pump."
The Largest Animal Ever Known Is Still Alive
If we were to compare every animal in history, the largest animal is one that is still alive today. The blue whale grows up to 102 feet long and 25 feet wide at the tail fin. Plus, they each weigh around 190 tons.
To give a comparison, a blue whale could be composed of 40 elephants or 2,670 average-sized men. In 2015, PBS posted a video showing a researcher crouching inside of a blue whale's heart aorta. Every heartbeat pumps 58 gallons of blood across the body.
The World's Biggest Statue Contains A Museum
The world's tallest statue stands in Gujarat, India. It is called the Statue of Unity, and it depicts India's first Deputy Prime Minister after becoming an independent state, Vallabhbhai Patel. At 597 feet tall, it is far higher than the second-largest statue, the Spring Temple Buddha (420 feet).
The project began in 2010 and cost around $422 million to complete. It stands on the Sadhu Bet river island surrounded by 7.5 miles of artificial lake, which makes it visible from space. And yes, the statue is accessible to the public as it has a museum inside of it.
Don't Get Caught In The World's Largest Whirlpool
The Maelstrom Whirlpool, between Norway and the Arctic Circle, is the largest and strongest whirlpool in the world. Lying in the middle of a strait, this whirlpool is 490 feet wide. The second-largest whirlpool, Old Sow in Maine, is 250 feet wide.
The Maelstrom Whirlpool becomes the most terrifying in March, when tides are at their highest. Then, the waters can travel up to 23 miles per hour. Water funnels into the whirlpool at least four times a day, which widens and shrinks the width of the strait.
Here Is The World's Largest Organism, Period
The oldest and largest organism on earth lives in the Malheur National Forest, Oregon. It is larger than a whale and covers over 1,500 acres. And it's only a mushroom--the Armillaria ostoyae or honey mushroom.
This is not one mushroom head that sticks through the surface. It is actually a long series of mushrooms called a mycelium. Throughout its 8,650-year life, the Armillaria ostoyae spread its tendrils through the soil and wood and poked up periodically. One study found that this fungus exists inside at least 112 trees.
The Largest Lake Is A Sea
If you categorize lakes as inland bodies of water, then the Caspian Sea is the largest. As the world's biggest inland body of water, the Caspian Sea spans 143,000 square miles and is 19,000 cubic miles deep. It is so big that it leaks into five countries: Kazakhstan in the northeast, Russia in the northwest, Azerbaijan in the southwest, Iran in the south, and Turkmenistan in the east.
Ferries that cross the Caspian Sea can take between three to five days to get to their destination. Despite being so massive, this lake has only one-third of the salt that the ocean does.
It Takes Two Hours To Cross The World's Longest Bridge
Currently, the Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge holds the record for the longest bridge in the world. This Chinese bridge connects Shanghai and Nanjing, passing lakes, rice fields, rivers, and more. It is 102.4 miles long and 30 feet wide, and it takes two hours to cross. Before it was built, it took 4.5 hours to get from Shanghai to Nanjing.
Danyang–Kunshan is a viaduct bridge, meaning that it requires periodic columns or arches to hold it up. The second-longest bridge, also in China, is the Changhua–Kaohsiung Viaduct at 97.8 miles.
Would You Ascend All 154 Floors?
If you are scared of heights, do not travel to the top of Burj Khalifa, Dubai. This is the tallest building in the world at 2,722 feet high and 154 floors. That's taller than some mountains.
This concrete skyscraper was built in 2004 and finished in 2009. It was part of a mission called Downtown Dubai, which paved space for more companies to enter the city and diversity the oil-based economy. Designer Adrian Smith designed it with a combination of Islamic architecture and the Tower Palace III, a luxury skyscraper in Seoul, South Korea.
This Is The Largest Structure Made By Living Organisms
The world's largest structure made by living organisms is not a skyscraper or building. It is the Great Barrier Reef. Spanning over 1,429 miles, the Great Barrier Reef was built by coral polyps that secrete calcium carbonate. These chemicals harden and eventually form reefs.
The Great Barrier Reef lies off the northeastern coast of Australia and is the world's largest reef. Since 1981, the reef has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the seven wonders of the world. It houses over 411 types of hard coral, 134 species of sharks and rays, 30 species of marine mammals, and six of the world's seven threatened turtle species.
The Biggest Home In The World Is Also A Skyscraper
The largest house in the world also happens to be a 27-story skyscraper. The house is named Antilia, after the phantom island that was said to lie near Portugal and Spain. Spanning 400,000 square feet, this private home has a 168-car garage, a 50-seat theater, and nine high speed elevators.
Currently, the house is owned by billionaire Mukesh Ambani, who has been living in it since 2012. As of May 2020, the house is worth $2.2 billion, the second most valuable residence behind Buckingham Palace. You can find it in Mumbai, India.
You Couldn't Squash The World's Largest Insect
The largest insect ever to live is the dragonfly--not the modern dragonfly, but the prehistoric Giant Dragonfly. The meganeuropsis had a wingspan of 28 inches and a body length of 17 inches long. That's about the length of a medium-sized dog such as an American Terrier.
Giant Dragonflies roamed the skies before birds and dinosaurs even evolved. They were not true dragonflies as we know today, but another species called griffinflies. Scientists still debate over how the meganeuropsis grew so large, but some theorize that it could be due to high levels of oxygen in the air.
The World's Largest Flying Animal Looks Like A Plane
While the world's largest bird had a wingspan of 21 feet, the biggest flying animal's wingspan is 36 feet. This is the Quetzalcoatlus, a pterosaurs dinosaur. It also stretches around 36 feet long and and weighs 550 pounds, making it similar in size to a plane.
Researchers still do not know much about the Quetzalcoatlus. Feeding theories have ranged from scavenging to picking up fish to even chasing land animals on foot. However, experts agree that the Quetzalcoatlus could likely fly up to 80 miles per hour.
The Longest Road Tunnel Spans Over 15 Miles
The world's longest underground road is called the Lærdal Tunnel. This tunnel connects Lærdal and Aurland in Norway. At 15.23 miles long, the Lærdal Tunnel sees over 2,000 vehicles every day.
Although the tunnel is lined with lights, it still looks quite dark. Construction began in 1995 and ended in 2000, costing over $113 million. If you were to drive through it, you would be in the dark for about 18 minutes. Frighteningly, there are not many safety exists inside.
This Rock Is Tall Enough To Be A Mountain
You've probably heard about the world's largest mountain, but what about the biggest rock? The largest single rock in the world is called Uluru, or Ayers Rock. This hunk of sandstone in Northern Australia is 1,142 feet high.
Oddly enough, Uluru is tall enough to be considered a mountain (the cutoff being over 1,000 feet). But because it is a single sandstone formation, it is not a mountain. Uluru is a World Heritage Site, as the area around is features springs, caves, waterholes, and ancient paintings from the native Pitjantjatjara people.
Whale Shark
Whale sharks are characterized by their wide mouths that they use to filter feed on the bottom of the ocean. Each whale shark has unique pale grey speckled and striped skin. Because of these markings, the people of Madagascar call whale sharks marokintana, meaning "many stars."
These mammals are quite docile, not minding human interaction, despite their massive size. While the average whale shark can reach up to 32 feet and 20,000 pounds, the largest confirmed was around 62 feet in length!
Manta Ray
Also called "devilfish," manta rays are known for their blanket-shaped bodies and the horn-shaped fins on their head. Manta rays are filter feeders and can reach up to 23 feet wide.
This creature has an interesting history with seafaring people. Legend had it that if a manta ray was spotted, the ship was going to go down to Davy Jones' Locker. It was believed that the manta ray would latch onto the anchor of the boat and drag it down!
Blue Whale
Before the International Whaling Commission banned the hunting of blue whales in 1967, they were almost an extinct species. The number of blue whales in the oceans today is around three to eleven percent of the estimated population in 1911.
Blue whales are known as one of the largest animals ever to exist, reaching 98-feet in length and around 190 tons. Interestingly, this species is one where the females are larger than males!
Sunflower Sea Stars
Sunflower sea stars are quite a sight, considering most starfish that people are privy to are no larger than their palm. This species, on the other hand, has 16 to 24 limbs and can reach an arm span of around three feet.
Unfortunately, the species has seen a rapid decline in population since 2013 due to sea star wasting disease. This disease is a direct result of warmer water temperatures, something the sea stars are not accustomed to since they prefer cooler Pacific waters.
Japanese Spider Crab
Considering the Japanese spider crab's size, it's hard to imagine that these creatures are actually gentle beings. From claw to claw, these crabs can reach up to 18-feet with a weight of 42 pounds!
This particular species only inhabits oceans around its native Japan, primarily off the southern coast of Honshu. In Japan, the spider crab is considered a delicacy, but there have been many laws put in place to help the diminishing population.
Caribbean Barrel Sponge
Known as the "redwood of the reef," Caribbean barrel sponges can reach up to six feet in diameter. They can typically be found 33-390 feet under the Caribbean sea, nestled in the coral reefs.
This species of sponge is estimated to live for hundreds, maybe thousands, of years, making it one of the best-studied sponge species. They also make for a nice habitat for many fish species. If a diver knows where to look, it is certainly an amazing sight!
Giant Clam
Documentation of giant clams dates back to 1521, with the Italian explorer Antonio Pigafetta. The species can measure up to 47-inches across, weigh up to 440-pounds, and can live in the wild for 100 plus years.
Historically, giant clams are misunderstood. For a long time, the species was thought to be dangerous, being able to close its large shell around people's limbs. The action gave the creature the nicknames "killer clam" and "man-eating clam," even though it's not an aggressive species.
Giant Pacific Octopus
Giant Pacific octopi are huge, holding the record as the largest octopus species in the world. They have an average arm span of 16 feet while weighing about 110 pounds. Ironically, even though these are massive beings, giant Pacific octopi are introverts.
The species is very shy and doesn't enjoy interaction with other animals, only leaving their dens in search of a meal. Otherwise, they're homebodies with a nifty camouflage feature that allows them to blend in with their surroundings, both in color and texture.
Lion's Mane Jellyfish
Lion's mane jellyfish are known to be the largest species of jellies in the world. Also called the giant jellyfish or the aptly-named hair jellyfish, the largest ever recorded had tentacles that were 112-feet long with a bell diameter of 7 feet.
Scientist Alexander Agassiz was the one to record the measurements in 1865, off the coast of Massachusetts. Although lion's mane jellyfish look intimidating, their sting only causes temporary discomfort and redness to humans.
Giant Isopod
The giant isopod is a large underwater creature that is related to shrimp and crabs. It also resembles a gigantic underwater cockroach. "Supergiants" of the species can grow to be around 30-inches long and weigh close to four pounds.
This species is very active in the cold waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. They're typically left alone by fishers, but the giant isopods aren't as generous. They usually go after the fish caught in nets!
Great White Shark
The great white shark is known for its size and speed. The larger members of the species can grow upwards of 20-feet in length, weigh around 4,200-5,000 pounds, and swim at a speed of 35 miles per hour. Although they typically swim at the surface, great whites are also able to reach a depth of 3,900 feet!
Great white sharks are depicted throughout media, most famously in Steven Spielberg's film adaptation of Jaws by author Peter Benchley.
Southern Elephant Seal
Southern elephant seals are known for the elephant-like appendage on the top of males' heads. The "nose" is used to produce loud roaring sounds, especially during mating season. These creatures are massive, weighing six to seven times more than a polar bear!
This species of elephant seal ranges in size depending on the region, but the largest measured is something to behold. The record-setting seal was measured at 22.5-feet long with an estimated weight of 11,000 pounds.
Giant Tube Worms
Giant tube worms were accidentally discovered in 1977, while a team of geologists was going to explore hydrothermal vents near the Galapagos Rift. The marine invertebrates can measure up to eight feet in length with a diameter of almost two inches. They're also one of those crazy creatures that can survive in complete darkness.
As giant tube worms spend their lives attached to the seafloor, they live in symbiosis with other microorganisms. This means that the tube worms provide shelter while the surrounding bacteria produce sugars from gases for food.
Portuguese Man O' War
Even though this creature looks like a jellyfish and has a tendency to sting, the Portuguese man o' war is not technically a jellyfish. Rather, it is called a siphonophore, a colony of organisms instead of a single multicellular creature. This means the Portuguese man o' war is made up of hundreds, maybe thousands, of genetically-identical creatures!
The tentacles of the creature can reach up to 165-feet in length -- pretty crazy for an organism that isn't able to swim but rather takes the phrase "go with the flow" literally.
Orca Whale
More formidably known as "killer whales," orcas are considered the largest species of the dolphin family. They're easily spotted due to their long dorsal fin and distinct black and white coloring. This species can measure up to 32 feet and weigh around six tons.
According to National Geographic, orcas are very sociable creatures and live together in pods, typically in the cooler arctic waters. They get their nickname "killer" because of their tendency to prey on any and all sea creatures.
Ocean Sunfish
This funky-looking sea creature is called an ocean sunfish. This is the heaviest known bony fish in the world and can weigh up to 2,205 pounds during adulthood. When its dorsal fins are fully extended, a sunfish can expand its length past the typical six feet to around eight feet!
Even though it doesn't look it, the sunfish does indeed have a tail; it's just not what we normally think of as a tail. Instead of a typical fin, the sunfish has what's called a pseudotail and is used as a rudder.
Fin Whale
After the blue whale, the fin whale is the second-largest known species on Earth. The long and slender whale has a reported maximum length of 85 feet and a weight of 80 tons. Even with all of that weight, this creature is the fastest whale species.
Fin whales can reach up to 18 miles per hour and can even travel at 30 mph if the need arises. They like to live alone or with a tiny pod, and this species can live more than 80 years in the wild.
Marlin
The marlin is best known for its beautiful rigid dorsal fin and its spear-like extended snout. It's said that the common name "marlin" was derived from a sailor's marlinspike, a tool that looks very similar to this fish's "nose." Marlins can measure up to 16-feet in length and weigh a whopping 1,803 pounds.
Aside from its popularity in sport fishing, the marlin is probably best known for its involvement in Ernest Hemingway's novel The Old Man and the Sea.
Giant Squid
Giant squids are creatures with deep-sea gigantism, meaning they're substantially larger than their shallow-water counterparts. The largest giant squid to be recorded was a female that measured 59-feet in length and weighed almost a ton.
The first recorded image of these creatures in their natural habitat didn't take place until 2004, with the first film recording happening a few years later in 2012. Both instances took place off the coast of Japan. It wasn't until 2019 that scientists filmed a giant squid in U.S. waters.
Giant Oarfish
Although oarfish start no bigger than the span of a human thumb to pinky, they grow up to be massive. Giant oarfish are the largest bony fish in the world, reaching lengths up to 36 feet and weighing 600 pounds.
Oarfish are interesting-looking creatures because they have dorsal fins that run the length of their bodies, with long oar-shaped pelvic fins. This fish swims in a ribbon-like manner, making it the source of many false reports of sea serpent sightings.
Saltwater Crocodile
The saltwater crocodile is believed to be the largest of its species. Males can reach up to 20 feet in length and weigh upwards of 2,370 pounds. Salties, as they're informally called, are considered to be dangerous for anyone who intrudes on their habitat, which means if you see one, its best not to get in the water!
Since they are large creatures, there has always been speculation about the actual size of the largest. Many hunter tales speak of finding a saltie that was 33 feet long!
Basking Shark
Coming in right behind the whale shark, basking sharks are the second-largest living shark species. These sea creatures are plankton-eating and have a megamouth that houses multiple rows of tiny teeth that curve backward. Basking sharks can reach up to 26 feet in length, making them look very threatening.
Despite their large size, basking sharks lead a very go-with-the-flow lifestyle. These creatures, while rarely seen by humans, are harmless and non-aggressive toward people.
Sperm Whale
Sperm whales are the largest toothed whales, coming in at a solid 68 feet. While females will nurture their calves, male sperm whales live alone outside of the mating season. Birthing happens every four to 20 years, with the whales living to be around 70 years old.
This type of whale is often portrayed in media. One of the most famous stories of a sperm whale is Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick.
Greenland Shark
Greenland sharks, or grey sharks, are the vertebrate species with the longest known lifespan. These sea creatures can live up to 500 years! Greenland sharks can grow up to 21 feet and weigh 2,200 pounds.
This species of shark is the largest due to its preference for deep-sea living that makes their meat toxic. With a higher level of the chemical TMAO in its tissue, the species is undesirable as prey.
Leatherback Turtle
The teardrop-shell leatherback turtle is the largest living turtle species and the fourth-heaviest modern reptile. These sea creatures can grow up to a total length of seven feet and weigh a whopping 1,540 pounds.
Some form of this species has been around for over 110 million years, evolving into the modern-day leatherback turtle. These creatures prefer open ocean, following their jellyfish prey throughout the day in deeper waters and coming up to shallower waters at night when the jellies rise in the water column.
Bluntnose Sixgill Shark
Also known as cow sharks, bluntnose sixgill sharks can grow up to 20 feet long. Their bodies are described as large with long tails and blunt noses. Unlike most sharks, the cow shark's dorsal fin is located a bit further down their back, close to the caudal fin.
Despite its imposing size, the bluntnose sixgill shark is not threatening to humans unless provoked. Unfortunately, due to the popularity of sport fishing bluntnoses, the cow shark has been listed as Newly Threatened.
Walrus
The funny-looking tusked creatures known as walruses can grow to weigh 4,400 pounds and be around 11.8 feet long! This species is divided into two subspecies, the Atlantic and Pacific. Both are equally massive.
Walruses are typically defined by their elongated teeth, also known as tusks. These teeth can be as long as three feet and weigh up to 12 pounds. Can you imagine having an extra 12 pounds of weight in your mouth?
Australian Trumpet
The Australian trumpet, also known as the false trumpet, is a species of sea snails. These creatures are considered to be extremely large for their kind, growing to 35 inches and weighing almost 40 pounds.
Even though the shell is quite popular among collectors, little is known about the actual species in regards to behavior. The shell is a spindle-like shape with one tall point. The color can vary but it is typically found to be a pale apricot color.
Nomura's Jellyfish
Nomura's jellyfish are known to grow to be slightly larger than the height of an average man. These massive sea creatures can grow to be around six feet six inches in diameter and weigh up to 440 pounds!
This jellyfish species resides in the oceans between Japan and China, which have seen a population increase in the past 20 years. Nomura's jellyfish were named after Mr. Kan'ichi Nomura, who spent a great deal of his life studying the then-unknown species.
Vampire Squid
The vampire squid resembles both a squid and octopus. Reaching an average length of one foot, this species is described as having webbing between eight arms of suckers and red eyes. Its unique name comes from both of these traits.
Contrary to popular belief, the vampire squid does not actually feed on the blood of its prey. Its main source of food is something else entirely, detritus -- marine waste that is a continuous occurrence in the deep ocean.
